ArchiveMode 에서의 Backup & Recovery
redo log
Redo Log File의 복구
- startup시 장애에 대한 자세한 정보가 나오지 않는다
- alert.log파일로 확인을 해야한다.
- Incative : DB운영은 이상이 없다(체크포인트상태)
- Archived = NO : 순서를 건너뛰고 아카이브를 진행할 수는 없다
- archive log mode
- redo log file의 overwrite 조건
- 체크포인트 완료
- Archive 완료
LOG의 STATUS
- CURRENT
- LGRW가 현재 해당 그룹에 로그 정보를 기록중
- ACTIVE
- 기록중인 상태는 아니지만 기록된 로그 정보를 해당하는 dirty block이 아직 데이터베이스 버퍼캐시에 남아있으므로 해당 로그 그룹을 current 에 준해서 관리
- 현재 CHECKPOINT중인 상태라고 보면 된다.
- CURRENT -> ACTIVE -> CHECKPOINT 순으로 변경된다.
- alter system checkpoint; 명령어를 통해 INACTIVE 상태로 강제 변경 가능
- INACTIVE
- 사용 대기 상태의 그룹으로서 모든 물리적인 관리 작업이 가능
- UNUSED
- 관리상 inactive 와 물리적으로 동일한 상태로서, 한번도 사용된적이 없는 그룹
복구실습
- Inactive (체크포인트 완료), archive 완료
- Inactive (체크포인트 완료), archive 미완료
- Current 유실 후 DB 정상 종료
- 불완전 복구 : Current 유실후 DB 비정상 종료 - DB Open하기 위해 current 리두 데이타 필요 : 따라서 불완전 복구 상황
- 모든 data file Restore + Redo 적용 Current 적용하려고 할 때 cancel 하고
- 불완전 복구이므로 resetlogs로 오픈
CASE 1: Inactive (체크포인트 완료), archive 완료
사례1. archive 생성된 후 inactive log file이 삭제된후 db close 상태
1. 준비 ( 이미 그룹에 멤버가 하나씩이면 생략합니다)
SYS@orcl2> SELECT a.group# ,b.sequence#,a.member , b.bytes/1024/1024 MB , b.archived , b.status
FROM v$logfile a , v$log b
WHERE a.group#=b.group#
ORDER BY 1;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 YES INACTIVE
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01b.log 50 YES INACTIVE
2 5 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02b.log 50 NO CURRENT
2 5 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 NO CURRENT
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03b.log 50 YES INACTIVE
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES INACTIVE
SYS@orcl2> save logfile
Created file logfile.sql
SYS@orcl2> alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01b.log' ;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02b.log';
alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01609: log 2 is the current log for thread 1 - cannot drop members
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log'
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02b.log'
SYS@orcl2>alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03b.log';
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02b.log';
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 1 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 NO CURRENT
2 0 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 YES UNUSED
3 0 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES UNUSED
2. DB 작업
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.t1 ( a number);
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> insert into hr.t1 values (1);
1 row created.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> @switch
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> @switch
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> @switch
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> !ls /home/oracle/arch1
arch_1_1_1005754044.arc arch_1_2_1005754044.arc arch_1_3_1005754044.arc
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 NO CURRENT
2 2 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 YES INACTIVE
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES INACTIVE <- 장애발생할 대상
SYS@orcl2> insert into hr.t1 values (1); <==현재의 CURRENT LOG FILE에 쓰여진다.
1 row created.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.t1;
A
----------
1
1
3. 로그 파일 유실
SYS@orcl2> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@orcl2> !rm /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
SYS@orcl2> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 431038464 bytes
Fixed Size 1337016 bytes
Variable Size 146803016 bytes
Database Buffers 276824064 bytes
Redo Buffers 6074368 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel ==> instance가 내려가 버린다.
Process ID: 7876
Session ID: 125 Serial number: 5
=============================================
Alert Log File에서 확인이 가능
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl2/orcl2/trace/orcl2_lgwr_7913.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl2/orcl2/trace/orcl2_lgwr_7913.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl2/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_7929.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log'
USER (ospid: 7929): terminating the instance due to error 313
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 7929
=============================================
SYS@orcl2> select status from v$instance;
ERROR:
ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE
SYS@orcl2> startup mount
ORA-24324: service handle not initialized
ORA-01041: internal error. hostdef extension doesn't exist
SYS@orcl2> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@orcl2> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 431038464 bytes
Fixed Size 1337016 bytes
Variable Size 146803016 bytes
Database Buffers 276824064 bytes
Redo Buffers 6074368 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 NO CURRENT
2 2 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 YES INACTIVE
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES INACTIVE
SYS@orcl2> alter database clear logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> @log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS ARC MEMBERS MB
---------- ---------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 4 CURRENT NO 1 50
3 0 UNUSED YES 1 50
2 2 INACTIVE YES 1 50
SYS@orcl2> alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.t1;
A
----------
1
1
-- 데이타 2건 : 데이타 유실 없다.
SYS@orcl2> drop table hr.t1;
Table dropped.
SYS@orcl2> @switch
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> @log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS ARC MEMBERS MB
---------- ---------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 7 INACTIVE YES 1 50
2 6 INACTIVE YES 1 50
3 8 CURRENT NO 1 50
CASE 2: Inactive (체크포인트 완료), archive 미완료
=> alter database clear unarchived logfile; 이후 반드시 전체 DB백업 진행
사레2. current 아닌 그룹이 삭제되고 db 는 open 상태
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 7 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 YES INACTIVE
2 9 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 NO CURRENT
3 8 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES INACTIVE ==> 삭제할 대상
SYS@orcl2> ! rm /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
SYS@orcl2> drop table hr.t1 ;
drop table hr.t1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.t1 ( a number);
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> insert into hr.t1 values (1);
1 row created.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> @switch [alter system switch logfile;]
SYS@orcl2> @switch
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
Wating..... (Hang이 발생)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation
==================================================================================================
aelrt.log
ORACLE Instance orcl - Can not allocate log, archival required--archive 미완료 상태의 리두로그 때문
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl2/orcl2/trace/orcl2_arc2_5141.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
==================================================================================================
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 13 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 NO CURRENT
2 12 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 NO INACTIVE
3 11 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 NO INACTIVE
SYS@orcl2> ! ls /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
ls: /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log: No such file or directory
SYS@orcl2> ! ls /home/oracle/arch1
arch_1_10_1005754044.arc arch_1_3_1005754044.arc arch_1_6_1005754044.arc arch_1_9_1005754044.arc
arch_1_1_1005754044.arc arch_1_4_1005754044.arc arch_1_7_1005754044.arc
arch_1_2_1005754044.arc arch_1_5_1005754044.arc arch_1_8_1005754044.arc
==> 11번이 없는 것을 확인
SYS@orcl2> alter database clear logfile group 3;
alter database clear logfile group 3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00350: log 3 of instance orcl2 (thread 1) needs to be archived
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log'
-- ERROR 발생
SYS@orcl2> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
Database altered.
-- redo log file을 삭제후 재생성
SYS@orcl2> ! ls /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
SYS@orcl2> ! ls /home/oracle/arch1
arch_1_10_1005754044.arc arch_1_2_1005754044.arc arch_1_5_1005754044.arc arch_1_8_1005754044.arc
arch_1_12_1005754044.arc arch_1_3_1005754044.arc arch_1_6_1005754044.arc arch_1_9_1005754044.arc
arch_1_1_1005754044.arc arch_1_4_1005754044.arc arch_1_7_1005754044.arc
==> 11번이 여전히 없다.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.t1;
A
----------
1
=========================================================================
-- <주의> resetlogs로 OPEN한 DB는 반드시 이 시점에서 cold backup을 받아두어야 한다.
다음을 반드시 수행 : 전체 DB cold backup 수행
ARCHIVE LOG : 전체 DB 백업
SYS@orcl2> @db_list
SYS@orcl2> shutdown immediate
[orcl2:~]$ chmod 755 orcl2_backup.sh
[orcl2:~]$ . orcl2_backup.sh -- 전체 DB 백업
[orcl2:~]$ rm /home/oracle/arch1/* /home/oracle/arch2/* -- 불필요한 archive log 삭제
SYS@orcl2> startup
=========================================================================
CASE 3: Current 유실 후 DB 정상 종료
3. current 그룹이 삭제된 후 db 정상적인 종료
SYS@orcl2> @log
=====================================================================================
select group#, sequence#, status, archived, members, bytes/1024/1024 mb
from v$log;
=====================================================================================
GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS ARC MEMBERS MB
---------- ---------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 13 CURRENT NO 1 50
2 12 INACTIVE YES 1 50
3 0 UNUSED YES 1 50
SYS@orcl2> drop table hr.t1 ;
Table dropped.
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.t1 ( a number);
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> insert into hr.t1 values (1);
1 row created.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 13 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 YES ACTIVE
2 12 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 YES INACTIVE
3 14 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 NO CURRENT ==> 삭제할 대상
SYS@orcl2> ! rm -f /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
SYS@orcl2> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@orcl2> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 431038464 bytes
Fixed Size 1337016 bytes
Variable Size 146803016 bytes
Database Buffers 276824064 bytes
Redo Buffers 6074368 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 7517
Session ID: 125 Serial number: 5
==================================================================================================
aelrt.log
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl2/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_7574.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log'
USER (ospid: 7574): terminating the instance due to error 313
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 7574
==================================================================================================
SYS@orcl2> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@orcl2> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 431038464 bytes
Fixed Size 1337016 bytes
Variable Size 146803016 bytes
Database Buffers 276824064 bytes
Redo Buffers 6074368 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@orcl2> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 13 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 YES INACTIVE
2 15 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 NO CURRENT
3 0 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES UNUSED
SYS@orcl2> ! ls /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.t1;
A
----------
1
-- 데이터 유실 없음
SYS@orcl2> @log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS ARC MEMBERS MB
---------- ---------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 13 INACTIVE YES 1 50
2 15 CURRENT NO 1 50
3 0 UNUSED YES 1 50
SYS@orcl2> @switch
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> /
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> !ls /home/oracle/arch1
arch_1_13_1005754044.arc arch_1_15_1005754044.arc arch_1_16_1005754044.arc
arch_1_17_1005754044.arc
SYS@orcl2> @log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS ARC MEMBERS MB
---------- ---------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 17 INACTIVE YES 1 50
2 18 CURRENT NO 1 50
3 16 INACTIVE YES 1 50
=========================================================================
-- <주의>archive 가 일부 없기 때문에 db 전체 backup 해야 한다.
다음을 반드시 수행 : 전체 DB cold backup 수행
ARCHIVE LOG : 전체 DB 백업
SYS@orcl2> @db_list
SYS@orcl2> shutdown immediate
[orcl2:~]$ chmod 755 orcl2_backup.sh
[orcl2:~]$ . orcl2_backup.sh -- 전체 DB 백업
[orcl2:~]$ rm /home/oracle/arch1/* /home/oracle/arch2/* -- 불필요한 archive log 삭제
SYS@orcl2> startup
=========================================================================
CASE 4: Current 유실후 DB 비정상 종료 - DB Open하기 위해 current 리두 데이타 필요 : 따라서 불완전 복구 상황
모든 data file Restore + Redo 적용 Current 적용하려고 할 때 cancel 하고
불완전 복구이므로 resetlogs로 오픈
4. current 그룹 삭제된후 db 비정상적인 종료
1) DB 작업
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 23 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 NO CURRENT <= copy_emp 로그
2 21 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 YES INACTIVE
3 22 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES INACTIVE
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.copy_emp as select * from hr.employees;
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> @switch
System altered.
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.copy_dept as select * from hr.departments;
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 23 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 YES INACTIVE
2 24 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 NO CURRENT <== 손실 대상
3 22 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES INACTIVE
2) 장애 발생 -- current 로그의 유실
SYS@orcl2> !rm /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log
3) Current 가 삭제된 상태에서 DB 비정상 종료된 상황이다.
SYS@orcl2> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
4) startup 실패
SYS@orcl2> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 431038464 bytes
Fixed Size 1337016 bytes
Variable Size 146803016 bytes
Database Buffers 276824064 bytes
Redo Buffers 6074368 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
5) mount 모드에서 clear unarchived logfile 시도 => 실패
SYS@orcl2> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@orcl2> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@orcl2> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 431038464 bytes
Fixed Size 1337016 bytes
Variable Size 146803016 bytes
Database Buffers 276824064 bytes
Redo Buffers 6074368 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@orcl2> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 2;
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 2
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01624: log 2 needed for crash recovery of instance orcl2 (thread 1)
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log'
6) 불완전 복구 수행 : 전체 Data file Restore
SYS@orcl2> !cp -av /home/oracle/backup/arch/cold/*.dbf /u01/app/oracle/orcl2
SYS@orcl2> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 1101146 generated at 04/17/2019 11:11:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_24_1005754044.arc
ORA-00280: change 1101146 for thread 1 is in sequence #24
ORA-00278: log file '/home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_23_1005754044.arc' no longer needed for this
recovery
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_24_1005754044.arc'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SYS@orcl2> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 1101146 generated at 04/17/2019 11:11:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_24_1005754044.arc
ORA-00280: change 1101146 for thread 1 is in sequence #24
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
==> Cancel 할 번호를 몰라서 실패하면 다시 recover 명령 수행해서 cancel 하면 된다.
SYS@orcl2> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> @logfile
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 1 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo01.log 50 NO CURRENT
2 0 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo02.log 50 YES UNUSED
3 0 /u01/app/oracle/orcl2/redo03.log 50 YES UNUSED
SYS@orcl2> select count(*) from hr.copy_emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
107
=========================================================================
-- <주의>archive 가 일부 없기 때문에 db 전체 backup 해야 한다.
다음을 반드시 수행 : 전체 DB cold backup 수행
ARCHIVE LOG : 전체 DB 백업
SYS@orcl2> @db_list
SYS@orcl2> shutdown immediate
[orcl2:~]$ chmod 755 orcl2_backup.sh
[orcl2:~]$ . orcl2_backup.sh -- 전체 DB 백업
[orcl2:~]$ rm /home/oracle/arch1/* /home/oracle/arch2/* -- 불필요한 archive log 삭제
SYS@orcl2> startup
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