Flashback 기술01
Flashback Query
- 지정된 시점(timestamp, scn) 의 데이터를 조회(아래와 같은말)
- 과거 특정 시점의 COMMIT 된 데이터를 검색
- SELECT 문의 AS OF 절을 사용하여 과저 시점을 지정
- 데이터 불일치 분석에 유용
SYS@orcl2> select systimestamp, localtimestamp from dual;
SYSTIMESTAMP LOCALTIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
25-APR-19 11.45.59.479952 AM +09:00 25-APR-19 11.45.59.479956 AM
-- systimestamp : timestamp with timezone
-- localtimestamp : timestamp
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, scn_to_timestamp(current_scn) current_time, localtimestamp
from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME LOCALTIMESTAMP
----------- ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
1505087 25-APR-19 11.52.30.000000000 AM 25-APR-19 11.52.31.191420 AM
-- scn을 시간으로 변환
-- scn이 가장 정확한 값이다.
SYS@orcl2> select localtimestamp, timestamp_to_scn(localtimestamp) from dual;
LOCALTIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(LOCALTIMESTAMP)
----------------------------------- --------------------------------
25-APR-19 11.54.29.619326 AM 1505187
-- 시간을 scn으로 변환
SYS@orcl2> select systimestamp, timestamp_to_scn(systimestamp) from dual;
SYSTIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(SYSTIMESTAMP)
---------------------------------------- ------------------------------
25-APR-19 11.59.07.927113 AM +09:00 1505650
SYS@orcl2> save time
Created file time.sql
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary from hr.employees
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
176 8600
SYS@orcl2> update hr.employees
set salary=salary+100
where employee_id=176;
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary from hr.employees
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
176 8700
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary
from hr.employees as of timestamp to_timestamp('25-APR-19 11.59.07', 'DD-MON-RR HH24.MI.SS')
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
176 8600
-- 이 시점의 데이터를 확인 할 수 있다.
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary
from hr.employees as of scn 1505650
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
176 8600
-- scn 으로 확인
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary
from hr.employees
as of timestamp localtimestamp - interval '5' minute
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
176 8700
-- 5분 전의 데이터를 확인
SYS@orcl2> update hr.employees
set salary=(select salary
from hr.employees as of timestamp to_timestamp('19/04/25 11:58:27', 'RR/MM/DD HH24:MI:SS')
where employee_id=176)
where employee_id=176;
1 row updated.
-- 과거 특정시점의 데이터를 읽어서(flashback query) 현재 데이터를 update
SYS@orcl2> select salary from hr.employees where employee_id=176;
SALARY
----------
8600
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
Flashback Versions Query
- 특정 기간(시간, scn) 동안 데이터의 변경 정보(version)을 조회할 수 있다. 아래와 같은 의미
- VERSIONS 절을 사용하여 과거 두 Point-in-time 또는 두 SCN 사이에 존재하는 행의 모든 버전을 검색할 수 있다.
- VERSIONS PSEUDO-COLUMNS
- VERSIONS_STARTTIME (start timestamp of version)
- VERSIONS_STARTSCN (start SCN of version)
- VERSIONS_ENDTIME (end timestamp of version)
- VERSIONS_ENDSCN (end SCN of version)
- VERSIONS_XID (transaction ID of version)
- VERSIONS_OPERATION (DML operation of version)
SYS@orcl2> select salary from hr.employees where employee_id=176;
SALARY
----------
8600
SYS@orcl2> save sel
Created file sel.sql
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, localtimestamp
from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN LOCALTIMESTAMP
----------- -----------------------------------
1510160 25-APR-19 01.43.42.054668 PM
SYS@orcl2> update hr.employees
set salary=salary + 1000
where employee_id=176;
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> update hr.employees
set salary=salary + 1000
where employee_id=176;
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> update hr.employees
set salary=salary + 1000
where employee_id=176;
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> @sel
SALARY
----------
11600
-- 현재 버전
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary
from hr.employees versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
176 11600
176 10600
176 9600
176 8600
176 8700
-- undo에 있는 최소값과 최대값
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary, versions_starttime stime, versions_endtime etime
from hr.employees versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY STIME ETIME
----------- ---------- ------------------------- -------------------------
176 11600 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM
176 10600 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM
176 9600 25-APR-19 01.47.42 PM 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM
176 8600 25-APR-19 01.40.49 PM 25-APR-19 01.47.42 PM
176 8700 25-APR-19 01.40.49 PM
SYS@orcl2> save ver_time
Created file ver_time.sql
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary, versions_startscn sscn, versions_endscn escn
from hr.employees versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY SSCN ESCN
----------- ---------- ---------- ----------
176 11600 1510314
176 10600 1510312 1510314
176 9600 1510307 1510312
176 8600 1510076 1510307
176 8700 1510076
-- scn을 기준으로 확인
SYS@orcl2> save ver_scn
Created file ver_scn.sql
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary, versions_xid, versions_starttime stime,
versions_endtime etime
from hr.employees versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where employee_id=176;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY VERSIONS_XID STIME ETIME
----------- ---------- ---------------- ------------------------- -------------------------
176 11600 0A00070060020000 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM
176 10600 08001000FA030000 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM
176 9600 0900210014030000 25-APR-19 01.47.42 PM 25-APR-19 01.47.54 PM
176 8600 07001F0069020000 25-APR-19 01.40.49 PM 25-APR-19 01.47.42 PM
176 8700 25-APR-19 01.40.49 PM
-- 트랜잭션을 확인할 수 있다.(versions_xid)
Flashback Table
- 테이블을 특정 시점으로 Recovery
- DB는 Online 상태를 유지
- 특정 테이블에 대하여 FLASHBACK ANY TABLE 또는 FLASHBACK 권한 필요
- FLASHBACK 될 테이블에 대해 SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, ALTER 권한이 필요
- 고려 사항
- FLASHBACK TABLE 명령은 단일 트랜잭션으로 실행되며 배타적 DML lock을 획득합니다.
- 통계는 flashback되지 않습니다.
- 현재 인덱스와 종속 객체는 유지됩니다.
- Data Dictionary Table 수행할수 없다.
- 테이블의 DDL 작업 수행했거나, 테이블의 재구성을 했을경우에는 그이전시간으로 flashback 할수 없다.
- 언두 및 리두 데이터를 생성합니다.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, scn_to_timestamp(current_scn) current_time
from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME
----------- -----------------------------------
1635395 29-APR-19 10.56.32.000000000 AM
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.emp_flash
as select employee_id, last_name, salary
from hr.employees
where department_id=30;
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, scn_to_timestamp(current_scn) current_time
from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME
----------- -----------------------------------
1635429 29-APR-19 10.56.43.000000000 AM
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.emp_flash;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
114 Raphaely 11000
115 Khoo 3100
116 Baida 2900
117 Tobias 2800
118 Himuro 2600
119 Colmenares 2500
6 rows selected.
SYS@orcl2> update hr.emp_flash
set salary=1000;
6 rows updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, scn_to_timestamp(current_scn) current_time
from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME
----------- -----------------------------------
1635453 29-APR-19 10.57.20.000000000 AM
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.emp_flash;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
114 Raphaely 1000
115 Khoo 1000
116 Baida 1000
117 Tobias 1000
118 Himuro 1000
119 Colmenares 1000
6 rows selected.
SYS@orcl2> alter table hr.emp_flash enable row movement;
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.emp_flash;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
114 Raphaely 11000
115 Khoo 3100
116 Baida 2900
117 Tobias 2800
118 Himuro 2600
119 Colmenares 2500
6 rows selected.
SYS@orcl2> select row_movement
from dba_tables
where table_name='EMP_FLASH';
ROW_MOVE
--------
ENABLED
SYS@orcl2> alter table hr.emp_flash disable row movement;
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> select row_movement
from dba_tables
where table_name='EMP_FLASH';
ROW_MOVE
--------
DISABLED
SYS@orcl2> drop table hr.emp_flash purge;
Table dropped.
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.dept
as
select *
from hr.departments
where department_id in (10,20);
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.emp
as
select employee_id, last_name, department_id
from hr.employees
where department_id in (10,20);
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> alter table hr.dept
add constraint dept_pk primary key(department_id);
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> alter table hr.emp
add constraint emp_fk foreign key(department_id)
references hr.dept;
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.dept;
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID
------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------
10 Administration 200 1700
20 Marketing 201 1800
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.emp;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID
----------- ------------------------- -------------
200 Whalen 10
201 Hartstein 20
202 Fay 20
SYS@orcl2> @current
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME
----------- -----------------------------------
1636132 29-APR-19 11.06.59.000000000 AM
SYS@orcl2> insert into hr.dept
values(30,'Sales',202,1700);
1 row created.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> @current
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME
----------- -----------------------------------
1636199 29-APR-19 11.08.48.000000000 AM
SYS@orcl2> insert into hr.emp
values(203,'CHO',30);
1 row created.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> @current
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME
----------- -----------------------------------
1636279 29-APR-19 11.09.49.000000000 AM
SYS@orcl2> alter table hr.dept enable row movement;
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> alter table hr.emp enable row movement;
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> flashback table hr.dept to scn 1636132;
flashback table hr.dept to scn 1636132
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-02292: integrity constraint (HR.EMP_FK) violated - child record found
SYS@orcl2> flashback table hr.dept, hr.emp to scn 1636132;
Flashback complete.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.dept;
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID
------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------
10 Administration 200 1700
20 Marketing 201 1800
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.emp;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID
----------- ------------------------- -------------
200 Whalen 10
201 Hartstein 20
202 Fay 20
SYS@orcl2> drop table hr.emp purge;
Table dropped.
SYS@orcl2> drop table hr.dept purge;
Table dropped.
SYS@orcl2> select empno, sal from scott.emp
where empno=7788;
EMPNO SAL
---------- ----------
7788 3000
SYS@orcl2> update scott.emp
set sal=sal+1000
where empno = 7788;
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
1512593
SYS@orcl2> update scott.emp
set sal=sal+1000
where empno = 7788;
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
1512604
SYS@orcl2> select empno, sal, versions_startscn, versions_endscn, versions_operation
from scott.emp versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where empno = 7788;
EMPNO SAL VERSIONS_STARTSCN VERSIONS_ENDSCN V
---------- ---------- ----------------- --------------- -
7788 5000 1512602 U
7788 4000 1512586 1512602 U
7788 3000 1512586
-- U는 udpate
-- I는 insert
SYS@orcl2> flashback table scott.emp to scn 1512586;
-- undo 정보를 이용해서 과거로 슝슝
flashback table scott.emp to scn 1512586
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08189: cannot flashback the table because row movement is not enabled
-- row movement를 해야 실행 가능
SYS@orcl2> alter table scott.emp enable row movement;
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> flashback table scott.emp to scn 1512586;
Flashback complete.
SYS@orcl2> select empno, sal from scott.emp
where empno=7788;
EMPNO SAL
---------- ----------
7788 4000
-- 4000으로 돌아갔다.
Flashcback Transaction Query
- 수행되었던 Transaction의 Operation들을 검색
- FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY 테이블을 검색
- SELECT ANY TRANSACTION 권한 필요
- undo sql을 찾아서 취소하는 효과가 있다.
- 단 추가적인 log data가 필요
SYS@orcl2> select supplemental_log_data_min, supplemental_log_data_pk from v$database;
SUPPLEME SUP
-------- ---
YES NO
-- flashback의 데이터를 저장하는 별도의 보조적인 로그가 필요하다.
-- 하나의 칼럼이 변경되더라도 전체 row의 정보를 모두 redo log에 저장
SYS@orcl2> alter database add supplemental log data;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl2> alter database add supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
Database altered.
============================
해제
SYS@orcl2> alter database drop supplemental log data;
SYS@orcl2> alter database drop supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
============================
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.emp_60
as select employee_id, last_name, salary
from hr.employees
where department_id = 60;
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.emp_60;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
103 Hunold 9000
104 Ernst 6000
105 Austin 4800
106 Pataballa 4800
107 Lorentz 4200
SYS@orcl2> create table hr.emp_90
as select employee_id, last_name, salary
from hr.employees
where department_id = 90;
Table created.
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.emp_90;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
100 King 24000
101 Kochhar 17000
102 De Haan 17000
1. update 전
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, systimestamp from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN SYSTIMESTAMP
----------- ----------------------------------------
1518799 25-APR-19 04.19.38.689134 PM +09:00
2.emp_60 변경한 다음( 103 :U 9000 -> 90)
SYS@orcl2> update hr.emp_60
set salary=90
where employee_id=103;
1 rows updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, systimestamp from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN SYSTIMESTAMP
----------- ----------------------------------------
1518808 25-APR-19 04.19.54.016389 PM +09:00
2.emp_90 변경한 다음( 100 :U 24000 -> 24)
SYS@orcl2> update hr.emp_90
set salary=24
where employee_id=100;
1 rows updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, systimestamp from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN SYSTIMESTAMP
----------- ----------------------------------------
1518815 25-APR-19 04.20.08.209719 PM +09:00
3. flashback 확인
SYS@orcl2> select versions_xid, versions_startscn sscn, versions_endscn escn, employee_id, salary
from hr.emp_60 versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where employee_id = 103;
VERSIONS_XID SSCN ESCN EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
---------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------
0300000038030000 1518806 103 90
1518806 103 9000
SYS@orcl2> select versions_xid, versions_startscn sscn, versions_endscn escn, employee_id, salary
from hr.emp_90 versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where employee_id = 100;
VERSIONS_XID SSCN ESCN EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
---------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------
09001B0018030000 1518813 100 24
1518813 100 24000
SYS@orcl2> select table_name, operation, undo_sql
from flashback_transaction_query
where xid='0300000038030000';
TABLE_NAME OPERATION UNDO_SQL
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
EMP_60 UPDATE update "HR"."EMP_60" set "SALARY" = '9000' where ROWID = 'AA
ASQVAAEAAAAKLAAA';
SYS@orcl2> select table_name, operation, undo_sql
from flashback_transaction_query
where xid='09001B0018030000';
TABLE_NAME OPERATION UNDO_SQL
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
EMP_90 UPDATE update "HR"."EMP_90" set "SALARY" = '24000' where ROWID = 'A
AASQWAAEAAAAKTAAA';
SYS@orcl2> DROP TABLE HR.EMP_60 PURGE;
Table dropped.
SYS@orcl2> DROP TABLE HR.EMP_90 PURGE;
Table dropped.
<<<<복습>>>>
1. 현재 DB의 SCN번호, SCN의 날짜 정보를 확인 하세요.
SYS@orcl2> select current_scn, scn_to_timestamp(current_scn) current_time from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN CURRENT_TIME
----------- ----------------------------------------
1546398 26-APR-19 09.51.35.000000000 AM
2. hr.employees 테이블에 있는 데이터 중에 최고 commission 값을 가지고 있는 사원 정보를 조회하세요.
select *
from (select *
from hr.employees
order by commission_pct desc nulls last)
where rownum = 1;
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL
----------- -------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------
PHONE_NUMBER HIRE_DATE JOB_ID SALARY COMMISSION_PCT MANAGER_ID DEPARTMENT_ID
-------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------- -------------
145 John Russell JRUSSEL
011.44.1344.429268 01-OCT-04 SA_MAN 14000 .4 100 80
3. hr.employees 테이블에 있는 데이터 중에 최고 commission 값을 가지고 있는 사원의 급여를 1000로 수정한 후 영구히 저장하세요.
SYS@orcl2> update hr.employees
set salary = 1000
where commission_pct = (select employee_id
from (select *
from hr.employees
order by commission_pct desc nulls last)
where rownum = 1);
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl2> commit;
SYS@orcl2> select * from hr.employees where employee_id = 145;
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL
----------- -------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------
PHONE_NUMBER HIRE_DATE JOB_ID SALARY COMMISSION_PCT MANAGER_ID DEPARTMENT_ID
-------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------- -------------
145 John Russell JRUSSEL
011.44.1344.429268 01-OCT-04 SA_MAN 1000 .4 100 80
4. hr.employees 테이블에 있는 데이터 중에 최저 commission 값을 가지고 있는 사원 정보들 중에 관리자 148 부하 직원들에 대해서 조회하세요.
SYS@orcl2> select *
from hr.employees
where commission_pct=(select min(commission_pct)
from hr.employees)
and manager_id = 148 ;
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL
----------- -------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------
PHONE_NUMBER HIRE_DATE JOB_ID SALARY COMMISSION_PCT MANAGER_ID DEPARTMENT_ID
-------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------- -------------
173 Sundita Kumar SKUMAR
011.44.1343.329268 21-APR-08 SA_REP 6100 .1 148 80
5. 3번 수정을 잘못 했습니다. 이전값을 확인해 주세요. flashback query을 이용해서 확인 해주세요.
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, last_name, salary
from hr.employees as of timestamp to_timestamp('26-APR-19 09.51.35', 'DD-MON-RR HH24.MI.SS')
where employee_id=145;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
145 Russell 14000
-- 이 시점의 데이터를 확인 할 수 있다.
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, last_name, salary
from hr.employees as of scn 1546398
where employee_id=145;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
145 Russell 14000
-- scn 으로 확인
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, last_name, salary
from hr.employees
as of timestamp localtimestamp - interval '15' minute
where employee_id=145;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
145 Russell 14000
6. 3번 수정을 잘못 했습니다. 이전값과 현재값을 확인해 주세요.flashback version을 이용해서 확인 해주세요.
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, salary, versions_xid, versions_starttime stime,
versions_endtime etime
from hr.employees versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
where employee_id=145;
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY VERSIONS_XID STIME ETIME
----------- ---------- ---------------- ------------------------- ------------------------
145 1000 01000D0035020000 26-APR-19 10.00.27 AM
145 14000 26-APR-19 10.00.27 AM
7. flashback table을 이용하여 이전 값으로 바꿔주세요.
SYS@orcl2> flashback table hr.employees to scn 1546398;
flashback table hr.employees to scn 1546398
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08189: cannot flashback the table because row movement is not enabled
SYS@orcl2> alter table hr.employees enable row movement;
Table altered.
SYS@orcl2> flashback table hr.employees to scn 1546398;
Flashback complete.
SYS@orcl2> select employee_id, last_name, salary from hr.employees where employee_id = 145;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
----------- ------------------------- ----------
145 Russell 14000
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